原文：The horizontal relationship
In deciding what to say on the line below, not only must the points you include answer the question raised by the point above, they must also answer it logically. That is, they must present a clear inductive or deductive argument, one or the other, but not both at once. These are the only two types of logical relationships possible in a grouping.

A deductive grouping presents an argument in successive steps. That is, the first idea makes a statement about a situation that exists in the world today. The second idea comments on the subject or the predicate of that statement, and the third idea states the implication of those two situations existing in the world at the same time. Thus, the grouping would have the following form:

• Men are mortal.

• Socrates is a man.

• Therefore Socrates is mortal.

To move up a level of abstraction from a deductive grouping, you summarize the argument, with your summary resting heavily on the final point: ‘Because Socrates is a man he is mortal.’

An inductive grouping, by contrast, will take a set of ideas that are related simply by virtue of the fact that you can describe them all by the same plural noun (reasons for, reasons against, steps, problems, etc.). The form of this argument would be:

• French tanks are at the Polish border.

• German tanks are at the Polish border.

• Russian tanks are at the Polish border.

To move upward here, you draw an inference based on your assessment of what is the same about the points – i.e., they are all warlike movements against Poland. Thus, your inference would be something like ‘Poland is about to be invaded by tanks.’

翻译：水平关系
在决定下一行应该说什么时，你所包含的观点不仅必须回答上方观点提出的问题，而且必须在逻辑上进行回答。也就是说，它们必须呈现出清晰的归纳或演绎论证，两者之一，但不能同时出现。这是分组中唯一可能的两种逻辑关系。

一个演绎分组通过连续的步骤来呈现论证。也就是说，第一条观点陈述了一个现实世界中的情况。第二条观点对该陈述的主语或谓语进行评论，第三条观点则阐述了这两种情况在现实中同时存在的意义。因此，分组形式如下：

• 人是必死的。

• 苏格拉底是人。

• 因此，苏格拉底是必死的。

要将演绎分组提升到更高的抽象层次，可以对论证进行总结，重点在于最后一点：“因为苏格拉底是人，所以他是必死的。”

相比之下，归纳分组将一组观点联系起来的依据是你可以用相同的复数名词来描述它们（例如：原因、步骤、问题等）。这种论证的形式如下：

• 法国坦克位于波兰边境。

• 德国坦克位于波兰边境。

• 俄罗斯坦克位于波兰边境。

在这里，要向上提升抽象层次，你需要根据这些观点的共同之处得出一个推论——即它们都是对波兰的军事行动。因此，你的推论可能是“波兰即将被坦克入侵”。

原文：In writing, if your answer is deductive you know you must have an argument in which the second point comments on the subject or predicate of the first, and the third point draws a ‘therefore’ from the previous two. If it is inductive, you know the ideas in the grouping must be logically alike and can be designated by a plural noun.

Given this knowledge, you can see that any one idea in the pyramid implies all the others. Consequently, you could start to build your pyramid anywhere, with a single idea, adding the other ideas as they were demanded – either up or down or sideways. But there is one more thing you need to know before you venture off to build a pyramid of your own. And that is the question to which your document must give the answer. You determine that by tracing the narrative flow of the introduction.

翻译：在写作中，如果你的回答是演绎性的，你需要构建一个论证，其中第二个观点评论第一个观点的主语或谓语，第三个观点则从前两个观点中得出“因此”的结论。如果是归纳性的，你需要确保分组中的观点在逻辑上相似，并且可以用复数名词表示。

有了这些知识，你就会发现金字塔中的任何一个观点都暗示了其他观点。因此，你可以从任何一个单独的观点开始构建金字塔，逐步添加其他需要的观点——向上、向下或是横向添加。不过，在你开始构建自己的金字塔之前，还有一件事你需要了解，那就是你的文档必须回答的那个问题。你可以通过追踪引言部分的叙述流程来确定这个问题。