Referencing backward
回顾性引用

The technique of referencing backward consists simply of picking up a word or a phrase of the main idea of the preceding portion of the pyramid that you are linking, and using it in your opening sentence.
回顾性引用的技巧非常简单，就是提取金字塔上一部分主要思想的关键词或短语，并在开头句中使用它。

You are probably familiar with the technique in transitions between paragraphs. For example:
你可能对这种在段落之间过渡的技巧很熟悉。例如：

No single executive has full-time responsibility for directing Group affairs. The absence of necessary leadership and coordination for senior operating and staff executives results in… (list of problems).
没有一位高管对集团事务负有全职责任。缺乏必要的领导和高级运营及员工高管的协调导致了……（问题列表）。

The problems stemming from lack of full-time leadership are compounded by overlapping or unwieldy responsibility assignments…
由于缺乏全职领导而引发的问题进一步因责任分配的重叠或笨拙而加剧……

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Between the chapters
章节之间的过渡

The current top executive and board structure suffers from two major shortcomings that severely limit the degree to which Ritz-Ryan can take advantage of its combined resources.
当前的高管和董事会结构存在两大主要缺陷，严重限制了Ritz-Ryan利用其综合资源的能力。

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Between the two major sections
两大部分之间的过渡

In addition to appointing a Group Managing Director, a number of changes should be made in the executive structure to establish short, clear lines of authority and responsibility.
除了任命集团总经理之外，还应对管理结构进行多项调整，以建立简短、清晰的权责分工线。

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Between the first two subsections
前两小节之间的过渡

Just as only a full-time Chief Executive can coordinate line and staff activities effectively, so only a full-time Chief Executive can provide the steady, strong, and relentless pressure needed to bring about improvements throughout the organization.
只有全职首席执行官才能有效协调业务线和员工活动，只有全职首席执行官才能提供推动整个组织改进所需的稳定、强大和持续的压力。

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Explanation of the technique
技巧说明

The point is to make the transitions unobtrusive yet clear, primarily through picking up the key word or phrase and carrying it forward.
关键在于使过渡不引人注目但清晰明了，主要通过提取关键词或短语并将其引入下文。

You are, of course, carrying it forward to connect with the major point of the next section, which has already been introduced briefly in the ‘explanation’ part of your original introduction.
当然，你这样做是为了与下一部分的主要观点连接，而这些观点在原引言的“解释”部分已经简要提到过。

Thus, here you need not lead up to it with a ‘story’ as you did previously, since your reader now presumably has as much information as he needs to understand the points.
因此，这里无需像之前那样用“故事”引入，因为读者现在应该已经拥有足够的信息来理解这些观点。

You do, however, need to introduce the grouping of ideas to come under this section, and explain how they support its major point.
不过，你确实需要引入本节下的观点分组，并解释它们如何支持其主要观点。

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Diagram for process improvement
流程改进图示

The diagram illustrates how a loose organization structure can prevent effective utilization of group-wide ownership benefits and how it can be addressed through streamlined executive structures.
图示说明了松散的组织结构如何妨碍集团所有权优势的有效利用，以及如何通过优化管理结构解决这一问题。

• Consequently: Establish clear lines of authority and responsibility.
  因此： 建立清晰的权责分工线。

• Appoint a full-time Chief Executive: To coordinate line and staff activities effectively.
  任命全职首席执行官： 有效协调业务线和员工活动。

• Other improvements include: Removing subsidiary board overlaps, assigning specific roles, and regrouping hotels by support needs.
  其他改进包括： 消除子公司董事会重叠、明确分工，以及根据支持需求重新分组酒店。