Structural order（结构顺序）-金字塔原理
2024-11-25
Structural order
结构顺序
First, what exactly is structural order? It is the order that reflects what you see once you have visualized something either by diagram or map, by drawing or photograph. The "something" you visualize can be real or conceptual, an object or a process. It must, however, have been properly divided to show its parts.
首先，什么是结构顺序？它是指当你通过图表、地图、绘图或照片将某物可视化后所呈现的顺序。这种“某物”可以是实际存在的，也可以是概念性的，可以是物体也可以是过程。但无论如何，它必须被正确划分以显示其组成部分。
Creating a structure
创建结构
When you divide a whole into its parts—whether it be a physical whole or a conceptual one—you must make sure that the pieces you produce are:
当你将整体分解为部分时，无论是实体整体还是概念整体，你必须确保生成的部分是：
Mutually exclusive of each other.
彼此相互独立。Collectively exhaustive in terms of the whole.
在整体范围内共同穷尽。
Exhibit 29: A typical organization chart
图表29：典型的组织结构图
Akron Tire and Rubber Company
阿克伦轮胎橡胶公司Tire Division (R, P, M)
轮胎部门（研发、生产、营销）Housewares Division (R, P, M)
家用品部门（研发、生产、营销）Sports Equipment Division (R, P, M)
运动器材部门（研发、生产、营销）
Three ways to divide activities:
活动分解的三种方法：
By activities themselves (e.g., research, production, marketing).
按活动本身（如研发、生产、营销）。By location (e.g., Eastern Region, Midwest, West).
按地点（如东部地区、中西部、西部）。By sets of activities directed to a particular product/market/customer (e.g., Tires, Housewares, Sports Equipment).
按特定产品/市场/客户的活动集（如轮胎、家用品、运动器材）。
Examples of ranking order in a city government reorganization:
城市政府重组中的排序顺序示例：
Housing
住房Transportation
交通Education
教育Recreation
娱乐Personal health
个人健康Environmental health
环境健康
Radar system functioning sequence (example):
雷达系统功能顺序（示例）：
Modulator
调制器Radio-frequency oscillator
射频振荡器Antenna with suitable scanning mechanism
带扫描机制的天线Receiver
接收器Indicator
指示器
The modulator takes in power that the oscillator then gives out. The antenna concentrates that power into a beam, the receiver takes in signals passed back from the beam’s scanner, and the indicator in turn presents the data.
调制器接收功率，振荡器将其输出。天线将功率集中成波束，接收器接收从波束扫描器传回的信号，指示器最终呈现数据。
Describing a structure
描述结构
Once the structure is set up, one way to describe it is to follow it from the top down and from left to right, describing each part in the order in which it appears. This is the form you would follow if you were giving a technical description of the radar set described above, or any other technical description of a piece of machinery.
一旦结构建立起来，一种描述它的方法是从上到下、从左到右按顺序描述每个部分。这是如果你需要对雷达装置或任何其他机械设备进行技术性描述时会使用的形式。
However, you can also impose a process order on your description.
然而，你也可以在描述中强加一个过程顺序。
Exhibit 30: Map of the Sinai Desert
图表30：西奈沙漠地图
On any map of the Middle East, the Sinai Peninsula sits dead center, an almost perfect inverted isosceles triangle, a sharp wedge that seems to cleave Africa from Arab Asia.
在任何中东地图上，西奈半岛位于正中间，呈几乎完美的倒等腰三角形，犹如一把锐利的楔子，将非洲与阿拉伯亚洲分开。
Depending on one’s political persuasion, it can be seen in several other contexts:
根据政治立场的不同，它还可以在以下几种背景中被理解：
As an eastern arm of Egypt.
作为埃及的东部延伸。As a natural and logical southern extension of Israel.
作为以色列自然和逻辑上的南部延伸。Simply, as an ancient land bridge connecting East and West.
或者，简单地说，是连接东西方的古老陆桥。
To describe changes to a city government structure:
描述城市政府结构调整的顺序：
Break the departments into six broad sections.
将部门分成六个大类。Put the Policy and Finance Committee in charge of the whole.
让政策和财务委员会负责整体事务。Create two groups to support the Committee.
创建两个小组以支持委员会。Establish an administrative team to manage the paperwork.
建立一个行政团队负责管理文书工作。
Imposing a structure
施加结构
You can also use the concept of structural order to help you sort out faulty logic in a grouping.
你还可以使用结构顺序的概念来帮助你梳理分组中的逻辑错误。
Suppose you had this set of steps presented to you for your approval:
假设你被提交了以下步骤以供审批：
The objectives for the assignment, as we understand them, are:
我们理解的任务目标是：
To review and analyze field operations in maintenance and construction areas.
审查和分析维护和施工领域的现场操作。To determine if adequate organizational and managerial flexibility exists to allow field engineers to properly respond to day-to-day operating problems and demands from the public.
确定是否存在足够的组织和管理灵活性，使现场工程师能够妥善应对日常运营问题和公众需求。To review and analyze the areas of preliminary engineering, road and bridge design, environmental process, right-of-way acquisition, and traffic management.
审查和分析初步工程、道路和桥梁设计、环境流程、用地获取和交通管理领域。To review and analyze the organization structure of the Department.
审查和分析部门的组织结构。To identify the strengths and weaknesses within each study area.
识别每个研究领域的优劣势。
Analysis of the order:
对顺序的分析：
Why this order? Where did these ideas come from? First of all, you can see that point 5 does not go with the others because it refers to them all, so we can eliminate that.
为什么是这个顺序？这些想法从何而来？首先，你可以看到，第5点与其他不一致，因为它是对整体的总结，所以可以去掉。
Then let’s see what subjects he’s talking about in the others:
接下来，我们来看他在其他部分讨论的主题：
Maintenance, construction
维护，施工Day-to-day operations
日常运营Preliminary engineering, road and bridge design, environmental process, right-of-way acquisition, traffic management
初步工程，道路和桥梁设计，环境流程，用地获取，交通管理Organization structure
组织结构
If we attempt to see them in terms of a process concerned with road-building, etc., you would assume the steps involved would be these:
如果我们试图从与道路建设相关的过程来看这些内容，可以假设涉及的步骤如下：
Design
设计Construct
建造Operate
运营Maintain
维护
Objective clarification:
目标澄清：
In that case, perhaps the author meant to say that the objective for the assignment would be to determine whether the Department is properly organized and managed to carry out its activities, of which there are four.
在这种情况下，作者的意思可能是说，任务的目标是确定部门是否组织和管理得当，以执行其四项活动。
发表评论: